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Alex Kawilarang (23 February 1920 – 6 June 2000) was an Indonesian military officer, a freedom fighter and founder of the military unit 'Kesko TT' in 1952, the founding name of the Indonesian special forces unit Kopassus. However, in 1959 he resigned his post as Military attaché to the United States to become a General in the separatist Permesta movement where he encountered Kopassus as his opponent. Colonel Kawilarang was born in Meester Cornelis (now Jatinegara) in the Dutch East Indies, and died in Jakarta, Indonesia. His father Major A.H.H. Kawilarang was a professional soldier in the Dutch colonial army (KNIL). Both his parents are from the Minahasa. His first Indo (Dutch-Indonesian) wife is Nelly van Amden with whom he had a daughter and a son. ==1920–1945== Alex Kawilarang enjoyed comprehensive European schooling and before World War II he was a KNIL officer like his father, responsible for training cadets. After fighting the Japanese during the invasion of the Dutch East Indies, he slowly developed an appreciation for the rhetoric of the charismatic Indonesian nationalist Sukarno and became strongly convinced that the time for an independent Indonesian state had arrived. During the Japanese occupation Menadonese, Ambonese and Indo people were often randomly arrested during raids and severely tortured by the Kempeitai. Kawilarang survived several Japanese tortures (1943 and 1944), but suffered lifelong disability in his right arm and numerous scars. Kawilarang recalls: In 1944 Kawilarang's father died during the 'Junyō Maru' disaster. The Japanese cargo ship carrying 3,000 Menadonese, Ambonese, Indo-European, Dutch, British, Australian, American POW's and over 3,500 Javanese Romushas (forced laborers) was sunk by a British submarine. Kawilarang recalls being told about the tragedy: "I prayed in silence. I did not cry. The Japanese had given me enough practice in digesting pain and suffering in silence."〔Kawilarang, A.E., ''Officier in dienst van de Republiek Indonesië.'', (publication: Ramadhan K.H. ''A.E. Kawilarang untuk Sang Merah Putih: pengalaman 1942–1961'' (Publisher: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, Jakarta, 1988) ), (Publisher: Warung Bambu, Breda, 1994) P.28 ISBN 90-801192-4-5〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexander Evert Kawilarang」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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